Government-run primary schools are free and universally available to Saudi citizens and certain expats. And although individual schools differ, there is often a reliance on rote memorization and repetition. The language of instruction is Arabic and there is a heavy emphasis on Islamic studies.

These challenges include increased demand because of rapid population growth, high costs of health care services, inequitable access, concerns about the quality and safety of care, a growing burden of chronic diseases, a less than effective electronic health system (eHealth), poor cooperation and coordination between ...